TDS is deducted before you receive payment. The deductor deposits it with the government, and you get credit when filing your return.
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The payer deducts TDS and deposits via Challan 281 by the 7th of the following month. The recipient gets TDS credit in Form 26AS and claims it while filing ITR, reducing net tax payable (or getting a refund).
TDS thresholds (e.g. FD interest above ₹40,000 per year before TDS kicks in) and surcharge are not included here. See our full disclaimer.